Hall Effect Position Sensors

Hall effect position sensors are non-contact devices that convert energy from a magnetic field into an electrical signal. They use the Hall effect, a voltage caused by current-flow in the presence of a magnetic field. Hall effect position sensors function via an electrical potential (the Hall voltage) that is developed between the two edges of a current-carrying conductor whose faces are perpendicular to an applied current flow. The presence of a magnetic field is also required, as the Hall element is the most basic magnetic field sensor. 

Hall effect position sensors require signal conditioning to make the output usable for most applications. Typically, the signal-conditioning electronics include amplifier stage and temperature compensation. The measurement of proximity, position, and the displacement of objects is essential in many different applications. Examples include valve position, level detection, process control, machine control, and security.

Performance specifications to consider when searching for Hall effect position sensors include operating distance range, repeatability, selectable ranges, and minimum target distance. The operating distance range is the absolute maximum range over which Hall effect position sensors can provide sensible readings. Devices with various selectable ranges allow the sensor to be field-adjustable.  Depending upon the technology used, these position sensors may require a minimum target size. 

Hall effect position sensors differ in terms of body style. Choices include barrel, limit switch, rectangular or block, slot, and ring. Barrel-style devices are cylindrical and, typically, threaded. Hall effect position sensors that use the limit-switch style are similar in appearance to a contact limit switch. These sensors are separated from the switching mechanism. Rectangular or block devices are one-piece rectangular or block-shaped sensors.  is a one piece rectangular or block shaped sensor. Slot-style Hall effect position sensors are designed to allow the object being sensed to pass through a sensing slot. Ring-shaped devices are shaped like donuts. The object passes through the ring’s center.

Hall effect position sensors may be powered by either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power, depending upon the requirements of the system.  The operating temperature range over which the device must operate is another important parameter to consider when selecting Hall effect position sensors.

• A Case Study: MR vs. Hall Effect for Position Sensing
  While both magnetoresistive and integrated Hall sensors measure the strength of magnetic field components, they do so in different ways and this can directly affect their successful use in a position...
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• Position Sensors and Position-Sensing Instruments
  Position sensors include wide range of sensors, switches and technologies that are used to determine the placement, speed or movement, direction, and location of a given target. Linear position...
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• No problem with noncontacting sensors
  Invensys Sensor Systems, El Paso, Tex., (Clarostat Div.) has developed a rotary Hall-effect position sensor, the HRS100, that cuts cost by integrating all compensation circuitry into a single...
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Part Numbers for Hall Effect Position Sensors