Light is supplied and returned via glass fiber optic cables. Fiber optic cables can fit in small spaces, are not susceptible to electrical noise, and exhibit no danger of sparking or shorting.
Plastic fiber can be cut to length in the field and can be flexible enough to accommodate various routing configurations.
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Range of sensor detection. For presence sensors, this goes up to the maximum distance for which the signal is stable. For position measurement sensors, this is the distance range over which the position vs. output response is linear and stable.
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Through beam (or opposed mode) sensors incorporate a transmitter and a receiver on opposite sides of the target and evaluate absence or presence based on transmittance or blockage of the beam respectively.
This design incorporates the emitter and detector in one body with parallel beams; a reflector opposite the target path is used to reflect the emitted beam back to detector; presence is detected when reflected beam is interrupted by an opaque object.
Variant of the retroreflective in which the emitter and receiver have polarizing filters 90° apart, thereby making the reflector the only recognizable source. This is used to prevent false detection from sources other than reflector.
Emitter and receiver are packaged together. Presence is detected when any portion of the diffuse reflected signal bounces back from the detected object. Reflective properties of the target must be evaluated for correct placement.
Divergent beam sensors are short-range diffuse-type sensors without any collimating lenses. This makes the presentation angle of the target less critical. This is important for mirror-like or specular objects, where a collimated beam from a standard diffuse sensor may reflect off a non-parallel surface and may thus not be detected. This type can also be used for short-range sensing of targets with small profiles such as wire or yarn.
Convergent, fixed focus, or fixed distance. Optics (such as lenses) are used to focus the emitter beam at a fixed distance from the sensor. Another lens may be used to focus the field of view of the receiver on exactly the same spot. This allows for good sensitivity but limited depth of detection. The high sensitivity of this style makes it suitable for uses such as detection of transparent objects.
Fixed-field sensors are designed to have a distance limit beyond which they will not detect objects, no matter how reflective. This is done with an emitter and two detectors, whose light detection is compared. Sensor output is canceled when light detection by one detector surpasses the other. The field distance is typically factory set per application specifications.
Adjustable field sensors utilize a cutoff distance beyond which a target will not be detected, even if it is more reflective than the target. Two current outputs from the sensor are compared to indicate detection. The ratio of the two currents determines the cutoff distance and is readily adjustable, electronically or with a manual adjustment such as a potentiometer.
Any unlisted or specialized photoelectric configuration.
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Output is "high" or on as long as no light is detected.
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Sensor can "learn" detection parameters such as the light and dark sensing levels and conditions. Sensitivity for specific applications can also be programmed and/or optimized.
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Any unlisted, specialized, or proprietary body style.
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Sensor has separate parts; emitter and detector are separated. Amplifier and other circuitry are remote from sensor, typically for applications where small size and tolerance of harsh conditions are required.
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Transistor output that switches the common or negative voltage to the load; the load is connected between the sensor output and positive voltage supply.
Transistor output that switches the positive voltage to the load; the load is connected between the sensor output and the voltage supply common or negative.
2-Wire DC circuitry typically includes a diode bridge in series with the sensor, allowing functionality either as NPN or PNP in a DC circuit. Acceptable values of leakage current must be evaluated in this type of circuit.
A NAMUR-style proximity switch is a 2-wire DC sensor that operates at an intrinsically safe level of 8.2 V and current of 8 mA with on-off switch points operating between 1.2 to 2.1 mA. NAMUR switches require a remote amplifier for operation and are used in applications where low signal levels are required for safety.
Constant current output is typically at one constant mA value for the dark position and a different mA value for the light position.
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Semiconductor device used primarily as a switch. A triac can conduct in both directions, can be triggered by positive or negative voltage, and can precisely control the duty cycle of AC loads. Triacs can be used in full-wave AC control and switching for applications such as motors, heaters, and air conditioners.
Output is a simple signal / common 2-wire configuration to be wired directly in series with an AC load. Typical applications include interfacing with the AC input of a programmable logic controller (PLC). Leakage and load current matching with the PLC input are important considerations for this configuration. Connection is often a direct replacement of a mechanical limit switch.
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Output is a range of values indicating position of the target. Typically limits of the analog output can be calibrated to the limits of the sensing range.
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Unlisted voltage, current, or other analog output.
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Unlisted, specialized, or proprietary electrical connection.
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Intrinsically safe (IS) is an adjective for equipment and wiring which is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most ignited concentration. The IS terminations and wiring may be brought into any hazardous location of any group classification for which it is accepted without requiring explosion proof housing or other means of protection.
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Full required range of ambient operating temperature.
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